Hong Kong Special Administrative Region ("Hong Kong" for short), the full name of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is located in the south of China, east of the mouth of the the Pearl River, across the sea from Macao to the west, adjacent to Shenzhen to the north, and adjacent to the Wanshan Islands of Zhuhai to the south. The region covers 262 islands including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, the New Territories and the surrounding areas, with a land area of 1113.76 square kilometers, a sea area of 1641.21 square kilometers, and a total area of 2754.97 square kilometers. As of the end of 2023, the total population is 7.5031 million, making it one of the regions with the highest population density in the world. The average life expectancy is the highest in the world, and the human development index is the fourth highest in the world.
Hong Kong has been a territory of China since ancient times and was under British colonial rule from 1842 to 1997. After World War II, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, ranking among the "Four Asian Tigers" and becoming one of the wealthiest, most developed, and highest standard of living regions in the world. On July 1, 1997, the Chinese government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established. The central government has comprehensive governance over Hong Kong, which maintains its original capitalist system and enjoys a high degree of autonomy in all affairs except for foreign affairs and national defense. It participates in international organizations and conferences under the name of "Hong Kong, China" without being a state. 'One country, two systems',' Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong ', and a high degree of autonomy are the basic national policies of the Chinese government.